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Scientific Apparatus

Scientists use special apparatus when they work in the laboratory. They often draw diagrams of the apparatus they use. These diagrams represent the apparatus in two dimensions and as a cut through image.

The Beaker

A 250 cm3 beaker A scientific drawing of a beaker

Beakers are used to hold liquids. They cannot measure liquids accurately but they do have graduations which allow you to estimate the volume of liquid. Some beakers, those made of heat resistant glass such as Pyrex, can be heated.

A 250cm3 beaker


Beakers come in different sizes. The maximum volume of liquid that can be held in a beaker is always written on its side.

The Test Tube

Five test tubes in a test tube rack.

Test tubes are also used to hold liquids. Heat resistant test tubes can be heated. 

A scientific drawing of three test tubes

When you draw test tubes you do not show the test tube rack. It is assumed that the test tubes are being supported by the rack.

The Conical Flask

A conical flask

Drawing of a conical flask

The conical flask has the same properties as a beaker but it has a different shape. Because its neck is narrow a delivery tube can be fitted into it.

Drawing of a conical flask with a delivery tube fitted

This means that gases which evaporate when a liquid is heated can be 'directed' to another part of the apparatus.

Other Apparatus

The Filter Funnel

An inverted filter funnel

Drawing of a filter funnel with filter paper in it.

The Evaporating Basin

The Crystallizing Dish

The Pestle and Mortar

Note that the mortar is the dish and the pestle is the baton used for grinding.

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