Scientists use special apparatus when they work in the laboratory. They often draw diagrams of the apparatus they use. These diagrams represent the apparatus in two dimensions and as a cut through image.

The Beaker

Beakers are used to hold liquids. They cannot measure liquids accurately but they do have graduations which allow you to estimate the volume of liquid. Some beakers, those made of heat resistant glass such as Pyrex, can be heated.

Beakers come in different sizes. The maximum volume of liquid that can be held in a beaker is always written on its side.

The Test Tube

Test tubes are also used to hold liquids. Heat resistant test tubes can be heated. 

When you draw test tubes you do not show the test tube rack. It is assumed that the test tubes are being supported by the rack.

The Conical Flask

The conical flask has the same properties as a beaker but it has a different shape. Because its neck is narrow a delivery tube can be fitted into it.

This means that gases which evaporate when a liquid is heated can be 'directed' to another part of the apparatus.

Other Apparatus

The Filter Funnel

The Evaporating Basin

The Crystallizing Dish

The Pestle and Mortar

Note that the mortar is the dish and the pestle is the baton used for grinding.

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