THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR
PROTESTANTS		CATHOLICS
THE PROTESTANT LEAGUE Elector Palatine = Frederick of Bohemia who was the leader of the Protestant princes in the HRE		THE CATHOLIC LEAGUE The leader was Duke Maximillian of Bavaria. Their most famous player was General Tilly.
DENMARK Led by King Christian IV Financially supported by Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu in FRANCE.		HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Led by Emperor Ferdinand II. Their most famous player was General Wallenstein.
SWEDEN Led by King Gustavus Adolphus Financially supported by Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu in FRANCE.		SPAIN Led by King Philip IV. Their most famous player was the General Duke Olivares.
NETHERLANDS Led by the House of Orange. Financially supported by Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu in FRANCE.
MAIN MATCHES	DATE	RESULTS
Defenestration of Prague	1618	P. League	1	HRE	0
Battle of White Hill	1620	P. League	0	C. League	1
Battle of Lutter	1626	Denmark	0	C. League + HRE	1
Sacking of Magdeberg	1631	P. League	0	C. League	1
Battle of Leipzig	1632	Sweden	1	C. League	0
Battle of Lützen	1632	Sweden	1	HRE	0
Victory of Rocroi	1643	France (late entry)	1	Spain	0

Chronology of the Thirty Years’ War

1618 The Defenestration of Prague

1619 Protestant Bohemia refuses to offer the crown to the Emperor Ferdinand II. The Emperor defeats the Bohemians and imposes the Catholic religion.

1623 Protestant states go to war against the Emperor. Wallenstein leads the Emperor’s victorious army.

1624 Protestant Dutch join the conflict closely followed by Catholic Spain.

1625 The Protestant Danish army moves into imperial territory to try to stop Wallenstein. The Danes are unsuccessful and give up their effort in 1629.

1630 The Protestant Swedish Army, financed by Catholic France, moves into imperial territory. Gustavus Aldolphus leads his troops in many victories.

1631 The Battle of Breitenfield (a Swedish Victory)

1632 The Battle of Lüten (another Swedish victory) Gustavus Aldolphus is killed in battle.

1633 Battle of Steinan (an imperial victory)

1634 Arrest and murder of Wallenstein

1635 Catholic France finances Protestant Holland as well as Sweden in the war. French troops are sent into battle against Imperial troops.

1639 Catholic Spain loses control of the Atlantic sea route.

1643 Spanish army defeated by French at Rocroi.

1648 Emperor capitulates: Treaty of Westphalia

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